ÈESKÁ UROLOGIE / CZECH UROLOGY – 1 / 2018

38 Ces Urol 2018; 22(1): 32–39 ORIGINÁLNÍ PRÁCE ZÁVÌR U dìtí do dvou let vìku má ultrazvukové vyšetøení ledvin znaènì omezené možnosti predikce vysoko- stupòového vezikoureterálního refluxu. U dìtí, kte- ré jsou vyšetøované pro dilataci horních moèových cest zjištìné pøi screeningové sonografii, neumožní ultrazvukové hodnocení dilatace pánvièky, šíøe ledvinného parenchymu nebo náplnì moèovo- du predikci závažného vezikoureterálního refluxu. U pacientù po prodìlané APN mùže svìdèit pro pøítomnost vezikoureterálního refluxu 4.-5. stupnì lehká dilatace pánvièky s pøíèným prùmìrem do 8 mm, nebo redukce parenchymu ledviny pod 8 mm. Toto zjištìní mùže pøispìt pøi individuálním zvažování indikace provedení MCUG u nejmenších pacientù po probìhlé akutní pyelonefritidì. LITERATURA 1. Sargent MA. What is the normal prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux? Pediatr Radiol. 2000; 30: 587-593. 2. Skoog SJ, Peters CA, Arant BS Jr, et al. Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux guidelines panel summary report: clinical practice guidelines for screening siblings of children with vesicoureteral reflux and neonates/infants with prenatal hydronephrosis. J Urol. 2010; 184: 1145-1151. 3. Montini G, Tullus K, Hewitt I. Febrile urinary tract infections in children. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 239–250. 4. Fairhurst JJ, Rubin CM, Hyde I, et al. Bladder capacity in infants. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 26(1): 55–57. 5. Nevéus T, von Gontard A, Hoebeke P, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in childrenand adolescents: Report from the standardisation committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol 2006; 176: 314–324. 6. Lebowitz RL, Olbing H, Parkkulainen KV, et al. International system of radiographic grading of vesi- coureteric reflux. International Reflux Study in Children. Pediatr Radiol 1985; 15(2): 105–109. 7. Riccabona M, Avni FE, Blickman JG, et al. Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasono- graphy and voiding cystourethrography, Barcelona, Spain, June 2007. Pediatr Radiol. 2008; 38(2): 138-145. 8. Ismaili K, Hall M, Piepsz A, et al. Primary vesicoureteral reflux detected in neonates with a history of fetal renal pelvis dilatation: a prospective clinical and imaging study. J Pediatr. 2006; 148(2): 222-227. 9. Shokeir AA, Nijman RJ. Antenatal hydronephrosis: changing concepts in diagnosis and subsequent management. BJU Int. 2000; 85(8): 987-994. 10. Brophy MM, Austin PF, Yan Y, Coplen DE. Vesicoureteral reflux and clinical outcomes in infants with prenatally detected hydronephrosis. J Urol 2002; 168: 1716-1719. 11. Phan VR, Traubici J, Hershenfield B, et al. Vesicoureteral reflux in infants with isolated antenatal hyd- ronephrosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18: 1224-1228. 12. Bouachrine H, Lemelle JL, Didier F, et al. A follow-up study of prenatally detected primary vesicou- reteric reflux: a review of 61 patients. Br J Urol 1996; 78: 936–939. 13. Avni FE, Hall M, Rypens F. The postnatal work-up of congenital uronephropathies. In: Baert AL, Sartor K (eds) Pediatric uroradiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York 2001: 321–336. 14. Yiee J, Wilcox D. Management of fetal hydronephrosis Pediatr Nephrol. 2008; 23(3): 347-353. 15. Riccabona M. Assessment and management of newborn hydronephrosis. World J Urol. 2004; 22(2): 73-78. 16. Becker AM. Postnatal evaluation of infants with an abnormal antenatal renal sonogram. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009; 21(2): 207-213. 17. Lee RS, Cendron M, Kinnamon DD, et al. Antenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of postnatal outcome: a metaanalysis. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 586-593.