Ces Urol 2024, 28(4):205-213 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2024030

Potential markers of prostate cancer in urine

Tereza Zdobinská, Štěpán Veselý
Urologická klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha

Zdobinská T, Veselý Š. Potential markers of prostate cancer in urine. Prostate cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among men worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and patient stratification are crucial for ensuring timely and appropriate therapy. Current standards primarily rely on PSA, whose tumor specificity is limited. This review focuses on non-invasive potential oncological markers derived from urine, including oxidative stress, metabolomics and nucleic acid analysis. Some studies indicate that elevated levels of markers such as F2-isoprostane, sarcosine or PCA3 may signify the presence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer. New combined tests Prostarix, Mi-Prostate Score, SelectMDX and ExoDX offer potential for improved diagnosis and patient stratification, as well as a reduction in negative biopsies. However, the clinical application of these new markers remains limited. Considering the heterogeneity of this disease, ongoing research is essential to support a personalized approach to treatment.

Keywords: Prostate cancer, oncological markers, biomarkers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), non-invasive diagnosis, oxidative stress, metabolomics, amino acids, sarcosine, exosomes, microRNA, PCA3, F2-isoprostane, diagnosis, stratification, tumor aggressiveness, prostate biopsy.

Received: October 22, 2024; Revised: November 10, 2024; Accepted: November 15, 2024; Prepublished online: November 16, 2024; Published: December 18, 2024 

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