Czech urology, 2026 (vol. 30), issue 3

Editorial

Alžběta Kantorová

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):109  

Robot-assisted radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy – technique

Marek Schmidt, Štěpán Černý, Vojtěch Novák, Michael Nekula, Štěpán Veselý, Lucia Strhárska, Marek Babjuk

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):110-112 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026024  

Introduction: Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy is the standard treatment for locally advanced renal tumors with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus, in the absence of distant metastases. The presence of a tumor thrombus is a significant prognostic factor, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 36 to 57% [1-4]. Most of these surgical procedures are performed with open approach, with an intraoperative mortality rate of 2-10% [1,3,4-8]. The introduction of robotic technology into urology and vascular surgery has enabled the use of this technology in selected patients with this diagnosis. Radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy has been...

Sexual health and urological aspects of transition – a practical review for sexologists and urologists

Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Marcela Fontana

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):113-118 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026016  

Care for transgender and gender-diverse individuals has expanded substantially in recent years, yet long-term sexual health, fertility counseling and urological follow-up remain less consistently addressed than diagnostic assessment, hormone therapy and surgery. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on sexual function and libido during transition, fertility preservation before treatment initiation, major urological complications of gender-affirming surgery, and principles of long-term follow-up. Current evidence indicates that sexual desire changes during hormone therapy are common but heterogeneous; testosterone is usually associated with...

Peyronie's disease (induratio penis plastica) – contemporary perspective on diagnosis and management in Czech clinical practice

Petra Kučerová, Jan Schraml

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):119-125 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026017  

Introduction and objective: Peyronie's disease is an acquired fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea causing penile deformity, pain during erection, penile shortening and frequently erectile dysfunction (ED). The disease has a substantial psychosexual impact on both the patient and the partner. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize contemporary diagnosis and management of Peyronie\'s disease with emphasis on practical decision-making in Czech urological, andrological and sexological practice. Methods: We conducted a narrative review based on the 2026 European Association of Urology guidelines, the American Urological...

Intratumoral microbiome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma – a new factor in the tumor microenvironment

Peter Polaček, Vojtěch Fiala, David Feldmar, Martin Matějů, Otakar Čapoun, Viktor Soukup

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):126-131 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026018  

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is the most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and represents a significant oncological burden with particularly high incidence in European countries. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment, which also includes the intratumoral microbiome – microorganisms present directly within tumor tissue. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the composition of the intratumoral microbiome in ccRCC, its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment, and its potential prognostic significance. Available studies confirm the presence...

Complications of transperineal prostate biopsy

Kristína Maguthová, Petr Nencka, Jindřich Šonský, Petr Klézl, Robert Grill

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):132-136 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026015  

Major statement: Transperineal biopsy is currently the preferred method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Its lower incidence of infectious complications compared with the transrectal approach allows the procedure to be performed without routine antibiotic prophylaxis.SummaryAim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and spectrum of complications following transperineal prostate biopsies performed at our institution. Methods: Between April 2022 and April 2025, a total of 386 transperineal prostate biopsies were performed at our institution using magnetic resonance...

Procedural pain and anxiety during flexible uretrocystoscopy in men - a comparative study of a group of patients with and without local application of an anesthetic gel to the urethra

Hana Ochtinská, Marcel Janda, David Brebera

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):137-141 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026023  

Major statement: Flexible urethrocystoscopy is an important tool in urology. To reduce pain, an anesthetic gel is administered before the procedure. However, there are discussions about its necessity in foreign studies. The aim of the article is to present data obtained from Czech men and evaluate their subjective perception of pain and anxiety during the examination.SummaryAim: To determine the perception of the intensity of procedural pain and anxiety in men undergoing diagnostic flexible urethrocystoscopy. Material and methods: The analysis included 135 patients divided into two groups – 70 men...

Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity

Petr Stránský jr., Adriena Bartoš Veselá, Jan Pernický, Tra Mi Nguyenová, Milan Hora, Ondřej Fiala, Kristýna Pivovarčíková

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):142-145 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026019  

Major statement: Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity represents a newly emerging neoplastic entity with distinct morphological and molecular features and documented indolent behavior. Here, we present a case report of a 74-year-old man.Summary: Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) is a newly emerging entity within the spectrum of papillary renal tumors. This entity is characterized by specific histological features and a typical molecular background, which distinguish it from conventional forms of papillary renal cell carcinoma. To date, several hundred cases have been documented in the literature....

Report from the Workshop of Robotic simple prostatectomy for BPH (Millin prostatectomy)

Pavlína Budajová, Jan Schraml, Martin Hlavička

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):153-155  

Central European Urology Meeting in Krakow 2026

Zhanetta Likhachova, Hana Sedláčková, Nikita Shpilevskiy

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):157-158  

Ialuril^® Prefill and its use in catheter therapy for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections

Roman Wasserbauer

Ces Urol 2026, 30(3):146-150 | DOI: 10.48095/cccu2026020  

Introduction: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) represent a significant clinical problem. They are defined as ≥ 2 episodes within 6 months or ≥ 3 within 12 months, most commonly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The pathogenesis involves ascending spread, the formation of intracellular bacterial communities, and disruption of the protective glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the urothelium, which significantly reduces quality of life. Methodology: This article summarizes current knowledge and recommendations from the European Association of Urology (EAU), focusing on intravesical instillation therapy...